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💡 MCHM Lawyers - Lawyers - Bankruptcy Law 📎 The Commercial Judge in Labor Conflicts: Key Competences in Times of Business Crisis 🏠 https://www.mchmabogados.es/idiomas/en/ 🔗 https://www.mchmabogados.es/idiomas/en/abogados-derecho-concursal-almeria ⚖️ 📖 lawyers in almeria 📞 950 106 453 / 674 21 65 59 📧 info@mchmabogados.es 👉 The role of the commercial judge in labor conflicts: competences and procedures ✨ 💬In the Spanish judicial system, commercial judges play an essential role in resolving conflicts that, although not strictly labor-related in origin, have a deep impact on labor relations within the business environment. This intersection between Commercial Law and Labor Law has gained special relevance following the reforms introduced by Organic Law 1/2025, which redefines the competences of first instance courts and, particularly, the commercial court sections ✍️ What is a commercial judge? The commercial judge is a magistrate specialized in matters related to commercial transactions, the functioning of companies, industrial and intellectual property, unfair competition, advertising, and especially the Payment Order Procedure. Since their creation in 2003, these courts have gradually assumed competences that previously belonged to first instance courts, establishing themselves as key bodies in resolving business conflicts. Competences of the commercial judge According to article 87 of the Organic Law of the Judiciary (LOPJ), modified by Organic Law 1/2025, commercial judges have competence to hear: • Payment Order Procedure and its incidents. • Actions relating to the liability of company directors. • Internal corporate conflicts. • Litigation over industrial and intellectual property. • Issues related to unfair competition and illicit advertising. • Certain collective actions in defense of consumers and users. And what about labor conflicts? Although labor conflicts fall naturally under social jurisdiction, there are cases in which the commercial judge directly intervenes in labor matters, especially in the context of Payment Order Procedures. In these cases, the commercial judge assumes competences traditionally belonging to the social order, such as: • Authorization of collective dismissals (ERE) in companies undergoing bankruptcy. • Substantial modification of working conditions. • Suspension or termination of employment contracts for economic, technical, organizational, or production reasons. • Recognition of labor credits within the framework of the Payment Order Procedure. This attribution is justified by the need for a comprehensive view of the bankruptcy process, in which labor decisions must align with the economic viability of the company or the maximization of the estate’s value for creditors. Procedures before the commercial judge in labor matters When a company enters bankruptcy, the commercial judge becomes the governing body of the procedure, and all decisions affecting the workforce must be channeled through them. The usual procedure includes: 1. Request for bankruptcy by the debtor or creditors. 2. Appointment of the bankruptcy administration, which acts as an intermediary between the company and the workers. 3. Presentation of a viability or liquidation plan, which may include labor measures. 4. Negotiation with workers’ representatives, in cases of collective dismissals or substantial modifications. 5. Judicial resolution authorizing or denying the proposed measures. It is important to highlight that, although the commercial judge assumes these competences, they must respect the principles of Labor Law and guarantee fundamental workers’ rights, such as the right to collective bargaining and effective judicial protection. A delicate balance The role of the commercial judge in labor conflicts requires a delicate balance between the company’s economic interests and the labor rights of the workers. Their intervention does not replace the social judge but responds to the need for coherence and efficiency in situations of business crisis. In this regard, case law has been shaping the limits of this competence, establishing that the commercial judge cannot rule on strictly labor matters outside the bankruptcy context, nor violate rights recognized in the Workers’ Statute. Conclusion The figure of the commercial judge has evolved to adapt to the complexities of the contemporary business world. Their intervention in labor conflicts, although limited to specific contexts such as bankruptcy, is essential to ensure an orderly and fair management of business crises. Understanding their role and competences is key for lawyers, entrepreneurs, and workers facing insolvency or restructuring situations. ✨ ⚖️ Welcome to the Civil Online process offered by MCHM Lawyers. Through our online platform, we offer you the convenience of completing all procedures from the comfort of your home, without needing to visit our office or the courts (except for mandatory procedures). Below, we will guide you through each step of the process: Access to your Personal Account: Once you access our website https://www.mchmabogados.es/idiomas/en/inicio-sesion-mchmabogados-almeria [Civil], you can create a personal account or log in if you already have one. From your personal account, you will have access to all the tools necessary to complete the Civil process. Uploading Documents: From your personal account, you can upload all necessary documents to start the Civil process. This includes text documents, images, and any other relevant documents for your case. Receiving Notifications and Requests: Once you have uploaded your documents, you will receive notifications and requests through your personal account on our online platform. These notifications will include information about your case status, any required actions from you, and important communications related to your Civil process. Tracking the Process: From your personal account, you can track the progress of your case in real time. This includes information about hearings, judicial rulings, and any other relevant updates. Communication with your Lawyer: Through our online platform, you will have the ability to communicate directly with your assigned lawyer. You can make inquiries, ask questions, and receive personalized legal advice at any time during the process. Receiving the Judgment: Once the process is completed, you will receive the final judgment through your personal account on our online platform. This judgment will include any decision made by the court regarding your Civil case. In summary, our Civil Online process offers you the convenience and flexibility to complete all formalities from the comfort of your home, without needing to visit our office or the courts (except for mandatory procedures). With access to your personal account on our online platform, you can upload documents, receive notifications, communicate with your lawyer, and track the progress of your case in real time. At MCHM Lawyers, we are committed to providing you with the best possible service throughout the Civil process. ✨ 📖 lawyers in almeria 📍 For more information, do not hesitate to contact MCHM Lawyers. ✍️ ⚓️ commercial judge, labor conflicts, bankruptcy, collective dismissals, modification of labor conditions, commercial jurisdiction, workers’ rights, Payment Order Procedure, bankruptcy administration, legal balance, business restructuring, judicial competence, labor law, commercial law, labor protection

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